A wrist ganglion, also known as a ganglion cyst, is a non-cancerous, fluid-filled lump that commonly develops along the tendons or joints of the wrist.In this article we will discuss it in detail.

Definition of a Wrist Ganglion

A ganglion cyst is a sac filled with a sticky, colorless, jelly-like fluid that can feel either firm or spongy to the touch. These cysts typically develop from the tissue surrounding joints and are most commonly found on the back of the wrist. However, they can also appear in other areas, such as the base of a finger on the palm side. 

Ganglion cysts may present as a single large cyst or as multiple smaller ones. They sometimes form following an injury or near arthritic joints and are often seen in individuals involved in sports or activities that place repeated pressure on the wrists.

Those cysts can vary in size and may fluctuate over time, sometimes becoming more prominent with wrist activity and shrinking during periods of rest. Although they are generally harmless, they can cause discomfort, pain, or limited range of motion if they press on nearby nerves. 

Causes of Wrist Ganglion

The exact cause of wrist ganglions is not always clear, but they are often linked to joint irritation or tendon trauma. Some possible risk factors include:

• Joint or Tendon Irritation: Repeated stress on the wrist joint may lead to fluid leakage, which forms the cyst.
• Injury or Trauma: Past injuries may cause joint tissue damage, resulting in cyst formation.
• Arthritis: Osteoarthritis, particularly in the wrist, can increase the likelihood of developing a ganglion cyst.
• Gender and age: Ganglion cysts can develop in anyone, but they are most commonly seen in women between the ages of 20 and 40.

Symptoms

Wrist ganglions can present with the following symptoms:

• Visible Lump: The most apparent symptom is a noticeable lump on the wrist, which can fluctuate in size.
• Pain and Discomfort: While many cysts are painless, some can press on nearby nerves, causing pain or tingling sensations.
• Limited Mobility: If the cyst is near a joint, it may restrict wrist movement.

Diagnosis

A healthcare professional can diagnose a wrist ganglion through:

• Physical Examination: Checking the lump’s size, shape, and tenderness.
• Transillumination: Shining a light through the cyst to determine if it is fluid-filled.
• Imaging Tests: Ultrasounds or MRIs may be used to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions.
• Fluid drawn from the cyst: Which might confirm the diagnosis. Fluid from a ganglion cyst is thick and clear.

Treatment Options for Wrist Ganglion 

Most wrist ganglions do not require treatment if they are painless and do not interfere with wrist function. However, for those that cause discomfort or cosmetic concerns, treatment options include:

• Observation: In many cases, the cyst may resolve on its own without intervention.
• Aspiration: A needle is used to drain the fluid from the cyst, though recurrence is possible.
• Immobilization: Wearing a brace can reduce activity-related irritation and minimize cyst size.

Surgical Removal: For persistent or painful cysts, surgical removal may be recommended to prevent recurrence.