Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common injury that requires surgery to treat it in some cases. Here is all the information you need to know about carpal tunnel surgery.

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common condition caused by compression of the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel in the wrist. This compression can lead to symptoms such as numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand and fingers.

 When non-surgical treatments like wrist splints, physical therapy, or corticosteroid injections fail to provide relief, carpal tunnel surgery may be recommended. 

What is Carpal Tunnel Surgery?

Carpal tunnel surgery, also known as carpal tunnel release, is a procedure designed to relieve pressure on the median nerve by cutting the transverse carpal ligament. This ligament forms the roof of the carpal tunnel and contributes to the compression.

By releasing the ligament, the space within the carpal tunnel increases, reducing pressure on the median nerve and alleviating symptoms.

Types of Carpal Tunnel Surgery

There are two primary techniques used for carpal tunnel surgery:

1. Open Carpal Tunnel Release Surgery

This is a traditional method that involves creating a small incision, typically about 2-3 inches, made in the palm of the hand.

The surgeon directly views and cuts the transverse carpal ligament to release pressure on the median nerve.

It’s worth noting that this approach provides excellent visualization of the affected area but may result in a slightly longer recovery time due to the larger incision.

2. Endoscopic Carpal Tunnel Release Surgery

In this a minimally invasive method, where the surgeon makes one or two small incisions in the wrist or palm, to insert a tiny camera, called an endoscope, through the incision, allowing the surgeon to see inside the carpal tunnel.

Specialized instruments are used to cut the ligament while viewing the procedure on a monitor.

Endoscopic surgery typically results in faster recovery and less post-operative discomfort.

Important Information about The Procedure

Here are the information you need to know about the procedure:

1. Preparation

The surgery is usually performed on an outpatient basis under local anesthesia or light sedation. Where the patient’s arm is numbed to ensure comfort during the procedure.

2. Surgical Steps

As we mentioned, there are two types of surgeries to treat this issue:

• Open Surgery: A single incision is made, and the surgeon carefully cuts the transverse carpal ligament.
• Endoscopic Surgery: Small incisions are made, and the ligament is cut using endoscopic tools.

Once the ligament is cut, the pressure on the median nerve is relieved immediately.

3. Closure and Dressing

After the ligament is released, the incision(s) are closed with stitches or surgical tape and covered with a sterile dressing.

Recovery and Aftercare

After the surgery, please follow the following steps:

• Immediate Post-Surgery: Patients can typically go home the same day. Mild soreness, swelling, or stiffness in the hand is normal. Ice packs and prescribed pain medications can help manage discomfort.
• Rehabilitation: Gentle finger movements are encouraged immediately to prevent stiffness. Physical therapy or hand exercises may be recommended to restore strength and flexibility.
• Return to Activities: Most patients can resume light activities within a few weeks, though full recovery may take 2-3 months. Though the incision area should be kept clean and dry to avoid infection.

Surgery Risks and Complications

As with any surgical procedure, there are potential risks, including:

• Infection
• Scarring
• Persistent or recurrent symptoms
• Nerve or blood vessel damage.

Discussing these risks with your healthcare provider can help you make an informed decision.

When to Consider Surgery

Carpal tunnel surgery is often considered when:

• Symptoms persist despite non-surgical treatments.
• Nerve damage is evident on diagnostic tests like electromyography (EMG).
• Symptoms interfere significantly with daily activities and quality of life.